Ash shaft removes requirement for wood which drastically increase price, harpoon head has best damage per iron and maxed length increase that damage. Though it's not top price item, it's really close to it and requires only 1 iron and 1 coal to make, so easily manufactured at huge scales. Which one need to open each part.
The most cost effective ones are usually the Midland Palfrey & Steppe Horse. Bonus tip: when adding horses to your inventory, you can check the impact on your party speed in real-time by looking at the icon on the bottom right. If you hover over it for details, you will notice the "Footmen using mounts" bonus.

The fastest way would be to by the most expensive weapons of each type and smelt them down with curious smelter perk. Requires a lot of gold. Leveling Smithing to max is a grind, not as bad as the Trading to max grind, but still a grind. 1. changer1997.

Money making has been massively nerfed around the board and likely will continue to get balancing. Bannerlord money is actually already really close to Warband. I usually played PoP mod so I might be somewhat off with these numbers, but my dyeworks/leathershops costing 10-12k would usually net me 400-600 every week.
7- As you travel around (prior to point 6, and after point 6) make sure you buy ALL DAGGERS, and Tribal Throwing Knives. (pugio, seax, falx knive etc). 8- Sometimes you don't have enough money at start to do #7 but keep it in mind. 9- Whenever you fight a troop, don't sell their weapons.
There's a generalized formula for how much profit/loss you get for each upgrade. Recruitmient/upgrade costs change based on perks. Just plug your gold/influence per troop in up top. As a general rule at low values tier 3 troops sell for the most and tier 4 troops are profitable at high merc prices (210+).
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mount and blade bannerlord best money making